Chemicals and Materials Construction

Why do imports exist? USGS. Production is below apparent consumption in every year on the chart. Imports close the gap. 2024-2025 consumption is estimated.

How many tons of cement are imported? USGS hydraulic cement imports were 25.0 million tons in 2022-2023 and 23.0 million in 2025e. Clinker imports are a smaller separate line and are not added here.

Did price or tons do the work? USGS average mill unit value rose from $127 per ton in 2021 to $160 in 2024e-2025e while production tons fell.

Did price or tons do the work in crushed stone and sand? USGS average dollars per metric ton. Tonnage was flat to down in 2024-2025 while unit value kept rising.

How much gypsum is mined versus recovered? USGS. Crude is mined. Synthetic is mostly flue-gas desulfurization gypsum. Wallboard sales (26 billion square feet in 2025e) are a separate USGS line.

Did lime follow the aggregates unit-value pattern? USGS. Quicklime went from $132.80 per ton in 2021 to $261.40 in 2024. Production tons were 16.6 million in 2021 and 15.0 million in 2024-2025e. Steelmaking is USGS's leading lime market.

Is the construction end-use tape growing? ACC Table 3. Construction supplies, structural panels, and iron and steel. Housing starts in the same tables are 1.37 / 1.36 / 1.36 million in 2024-2026f.

What did CRH, Martin Marietta, and Vulcan print? Martin Marietta and Vulcan have complete 2021-2025 years. CRH 2021-2022 are omitted (semi-annual reporting). CRH 2025 is omitted because the FMP fourth quarter is not a usable quarterly print.