Venture Capital Funding by Year
Annual VC investment in humanoid robotics: $239M (2022) → $1.2B (2024) → $6.1B (2025).
Updated at 2026-05-05
Major Funding Rounds
Largest humanoid robot funding rounds: Figure AI ($1B+), Skild AI ($1.4B), Apptronik ($935M), Physical Intelligence ($600M).
| Company | Date | Round | Amount Raised | Post-Money Val. | Key Investors | Total Raised |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apptronik | Feb 2026 | Series A Ext. | $520M | $5.5B | Google, Mercedes, AT&T, John Deere, Qatar IA | $935M |
| Skild AI | Jan 2026 | Series C | $1.4B | $14B | SoftBank, NVentures, Macquarie, Bezos | ~$2B |
| Robot Era | Q1 2026 | Series A+ | $145M | $1.5B | Beijing-based; investor list undisclosed in public filings | ~$200M+ |
| Sunday Robotics | Q1 2026 | Series B | $165M | Undisclosed | Coatue (lead) | ~$200M+ |
| Galbot | Dec 2025 | Series B+ | $362M | $3B | China Mobile, Tencent, Alibaba, Ant Group | ~$800M |
| Physical Intelligence | Nov 2025 | Series B | $600M | $5.6B | T. Rowe Price, Index Ventures | ~$1.07B |
| Figure AI | Sep 2025 | Series C | $1B+ | $39B | Microsoft, OpenAI, NVIDIA, Intel, Bezos, Salesforce | $1.7B+ |
| Unitree | Jun 2025 | Series C | ~$96M | $1.7B | Tencent, Ant Group, Alibaba, Geely | ~$248M |
| Apptronik | Feb 2025 | Series A | $415M | $1.8B | Google, Mercedes-Benz, B Capital | $415M |
| Agility Robotics | 2025 | Growth round | $400M (target) | $1.75B | NVentures, SoftBank | ~$641M |
| Fourier Intelligence | Jan 2025 | Series E | ~$109M | $1.1B | Guoxin, Pudong VC, Prosperity7 | $246M |
| Physical Intelligence | Nov 2024 | Series A | $400M | $2B | CapitalG (Alphabet), Bezos, Thrive Capital, Lux | $470M |
| Figure AI | Feb 2024 | Series B | $675M | $2.6B | Microsoft ($95M), NVIDIA ($50M), Bezos ($100M), OpenAI, Intel, ARK | $675M |
| Unitree | Feb 2024 | Series B | $139M | - | Various | $139M |
| 1X Technologies | Jan 2024 | Series B | $100M | - | EQT Ventures, OpenAI, Tiger Global, Samsung | $125M+ |
| 1X Technologies | Mar 2023 | Series A | $23.5M | - | OpenAI, Tiger Global | $23.5M |
| Agility Robotics | Apr 2022 | Series B | $150M | - | DCVC, Playground, Amazon IIF | $150M |
| Sanctuary AI | Various | Series A + Govt | ~$140M total | - | BDC Capital, Bell, Magna, Verizon Ventures | ~$140M |
| AgiBot | Various | Multiple rounds | ~$84M disclosed | >$1B (2026 IPO plan) | Tencent, HongShan, Baidu, LG, BYD, Hillhouse | ~$84M+ |
Updated at 2026-05-05
Pilot Deployments and Commercial Sales
Cross-company view of where humanoids have actually deployed: 21 deployments spanning Pilot/RaaS, unit-sale, and internal-only models. Figure-BMW Spartanburg is the canonical milestone.
| Operator | Customer | Site | Year | Units | Status | Model | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1X Technologies | ADT Commercial | US (multiple sites, security patrol) | 2023 | ~100s (self-reported) | Historical / uncertain | Pilot/RaaS | EVE wheeled humanoid for nighttime patrol. Numbers self-reported by 1X; no independent verification or recent updates. Treat as historical. |
| Sanctuary AI | Magna International | Austria (auto parts plant) | 2023 | 1 | Pilot active | Pilot/RaaS | Apr 2024 expanded to strategic partnership + Magna equity investment in Sanctuary. |
| Agility Robotics | GXO (Spanx) | Flowery Branch, GA (Atlanta DC) | 2023 PoC → 2024 commercial | Not disclosed | Commercial RaaS | Pilot/RaaS | Industry's first commercial humanoid RaaS deal (Jun 2024). >100,000 totes moved at the site. |
| Agility Robotics | Amazon | Sumner, WA (BIL R&D) | 2023 | ~6 | R&D (stuck) | Pilot/RaaS | Tote handling pilot announced Oct 2023; no scaled production deployment in Amazon fulfillment centers despite Amazon being an investor. |
| Figure AI | BMW Manufacturing | Spartanburg, SC | 2024 (Jan announced) | 2 (Figure 02) | Pilot completed Nov 2025 | Pilot/RaaS | Canonical sector milestone: 11-month run, 90,000+ parts handled, 30,000+ X3 vehicles, 1,250 hours, ~99% placement accuracy. |
| Apptronik | Mercedes-Benz | Berlin-Marienfelde + Kecskemét HU | 2024 (Mar) | Single-digit | Pilot active | Pilot/RaaS | Mar 2025 Mercedes took equity stake in Apptronik (low double-digit millions USD). |
| Sanctuary AI | Unnamed European OEM | Europe (undisclosed) | 2024 (Apr) | 1 | Pilot active | Pilot/RaaS | Phoenix Gen 7 unveil; customer name kept anonymous as 'European car manufacturer'. |
| UBTECH | Nio | F2 plant (final assembly), China | 2024 (late) | 1+ (training) | Pilot active | Pilot (Chinese training) | Claimed world-first humanoid on auto QC line; Chinese-press primary source. |
| UBTECH | BYD + Geely + Foxconn + SF Express | Various China plants | 2024-2025 | Not disclosed (Walker S1 training cohort) | Pilot active | Pilot (Chinese training) | Self-reported 'doubled efficiency in parts assembly' at BYD. Aggregate training across multiple sites. |
| Apptronik | GXO Logistics | Undisclosed US DC (lab phase) | 2024 | Not disclosed | Pilot active (lab) | Pilot/RaaS | Multi-phase deployment; not yet in live distribution center. |
| Apptronik | Jabil | Florida (Jabil sites) | 2025 (Feb) | Not disclosed | Pilot active | Pilot/RaaS | Apollo helps manufacture more Apollo units (robots-build-robots). |
| AgiBot | Internal + BYD (investor) + various Chinese OEMs | Shanghai factory + first industrial deployment Jul 2025 | 2024-2025 | 5,168 shipped in 2025 (self-claim) | Commercial sales (mostly R&D buyers) | Unit-sale | Company claims #1 humanoid shipper globally; customers largely R&D buyers, not production deployments. Not third-party verified. |
| UBTECH | Audi-FAW + FAW-VW + BAIC + Dongfeng Liuzhou | Various China plants | 2025 | Part of ~500 Walker S2 mass-production batch | Pilot active (training) | Pilot (Chinese training) | End-2025 order book RMB 800M (~$112M). First Audi production-line humanoid. |
| 1X Technologies | Early-access home customers | Norway + US homes | 2025 | Hundreds to thousands (self-claim) | Pilot active (teleoperated, not autonomous) | Consumer pilot | NEO Beta home pilots; $20K + subscription. Teleop disclosure was a controversy in Q4 2025 trade press. |
| 1X Technologies | EQT portfolio (300+ industrial companies) | Multi-site forward commitment | 2025 (Dec) | Up to 10,000 by 2030 | Announced | Forward commitment | Largest forward order to date in the humanoid sector; delivery 2026-2030. |
| Agility Robotics | Mercado Libre | San Antonio, TX | 2025 (Dec) | Not disclosed | Pilot active | Pilot/RaaS | Second named commercial customer for Agility; LatAm expansion planned. |
| Galbot | BAIC + CATL (industrial); unnamed retail | China retail + factories | 2025 | 'Thousands of industrial orders'; 'hundreds in retail' (self-claim) | Commercial purchase (claimed) | Unit-sale (claimed) | Spring Festival Gala 2026 appearance. Numbers from Chinese-press; hard to verify independently. |
| Fourier Intelligence | Multiple Chinese rehab hospitals | China (rehabilitation centers) | 2024-2025 | Not disclosed | Commercial sale (clinical equipment) | Unit-sale (healthcare) | Different category: stroke/gait rehab equipment, not industrial deployment. |
| Unitree Robotics | Open commercial (universities, research labs, dev kits) | Global | 2023-2025 | 5 (2023) → 410 (2024) → ~5,500 (2025) | Commercial sale | Unit-sale | Largest 2025 shipper by volume. H1 humanoid $90K, G1 humanoid $16K. Customers buy units outright; not pilot-based. |
| Tesla (reference) | Tesla (internal) | Fremont, CA + Giga Texas | 2024-2025 | Few hundred actual vs 5,000 target | Pilot active (internal only) | Internal-only | Battery sorting, parts handling. Production ramp delayed; Optimus V3 expected 2026. Reference row only (out of sector scope). |
| Boston Dynamics / Hyundai (reference) | Hyundai (HMGMA) | Ellabell, GA (Metaplant America) | 2025 announced → Jan 2026 live tests | Fleet (size undisclosed) | Pilot active | Captive (Hyundai subsidiary) | Atlas part-sequencing. Broader Hyundai purchase commitment is in tens of thousands. Reference row only (out of sector scope). |
Updated at May 2026
Corporate Strategic Investors
Which tech giants and automakers are investing in humanoid robotics: NVIDIA, Microsoft, OpenAI, Amazon, Google, BMW, Mercedes, Hyundai.
| Investor | Country | Companies Invested In | Known Amounts | Strategic Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NVIDIA (NVentures) | 🇺🇸USA | Figure AI, Skild AI, Agility Robotics | $50M (Figure), $25M (Skild) | GPU/compute infrastructure; Isaac GR00T platform; physical AI ecosystem |
| Microsoft | 🇺🇸USA | Figure AI | $95M+ (Series B); $1B+ (Series C participation) | Azure cloud; OpenAI partnership; LLM integration for robots |
| OpenAI | 🇺🇸USA | Figure AI, 1X Technologies | Undisclosed (multiple rounds) | AI foundation models for robotics; exploring own robot R&D |
| Google / Alphabet | 🇺🇸USA | Apptronik (CapitalG); Physical Intelligence (CapitalG) | $350M+ (Apptronik) | DeepMind Gemini Robotics; manufacturing automation |
| Amazon | 🇺🇸USA | Agility Robotics, Figure AI | $150M (Agility, via Industrial Innovation Fund) | Warehouse automation; supply chain efficiency; $1B Innovation Fund |
| Jeff Bezos (Expeditions) | 🇺🇸USA | Figure AI, Physical Intelligence, RIVR | $100M (Figure); $400M+ (Physical Intelligence); $22M (RIVR) | 70% of 2024 investments in AI/robotics |
| SoftBank Vision Fund | 🇯🇵Japan | Fourier Intelligence, Agility, Skild AI | $54.7M (Fourier); $1.4B (Skild Series C lead) | $5.4B ABB Robotics acquisition; diversified robotics portfolio |
| Samsung | 🇰🇷South Korea | 1X Technologies, Rainbow Robotics, Skild AI | 35% stake in Rainbow Robotics | Battery tech; collaborative robot dev; Future Robotics Office |
| Hyundai / Kia | 🇰🇷South Korea | Boston Dynamics (subsidiary) | Full acquisition ($880M, 2021); $26B US investment | Manufacturing automation; 30K Atlas units/year target by 2028 |
| BMW | 🇩🇪Germany | Figure AI (commercial partnership) | No disclosed equity; commercial agreement | Figure 02 deployed at Spartanburg; 90K+ parts loaded in pilot |
| Mercedes-Benz | 🇩🇪Germany | Apptronik | Part of $520M round | Apollo testing at Berlin factory; target widespread use by 2030 |
| John Deere | 🇺🇸USA | Apptronik | Part of $520M round | Agricultural/industrial humanoid use cases |
| Intel Capital | 🇺🇸USA | Figure AI | $9M (2023); Series B & C participation | Semiconductor supplier to robotics ecosystem |
| Tencent | 🇨🇳China | Unitree (Series C lead), AgiBot, UBTECH | Lead investor in Unitree Series C | Embodied AI strategy; Chinese humanoid ecosystem |
| Baidu | 🇨🇳China | AgiBot, Vita Dynamics | Multiple rounds (undisclosed) | AI model → robotics applications downstream play |
| BYD | 🇨🇳China | AgiBot | Co-investor | Testing humanoid robots in own EV factories; vertical integration |
| LG Electronics | 🇰🇷South Korea | AgiBot | Participation in funding rounds | Electronics/manufacturing partnership |
| Qatar Investment Authority | Qatar | Apptronik | Part of $520M round | Sovereign wealth diversification into robotics |
| AT&T Ventures | 🇺🇸USA | Apptronik | Part of $520M round | Telecom infrastructure for connected robotics |
Updated at 2026-03-18
Market Size Forecasts by Analyst
16 analyst forecasts for the humanoid robot market: from $4B (Grand View, 2030) to $7T (Citi GPS, 2050). Sorted by 2035 estimate.
| Firm | 2025 | 2030 | 2035 | 2050 | CAGR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Investment Banks | |||||
| Goldman Sachs (Blue Sky) | — | — | $154B | — | — |
| Macquarie | — | — | $139B | — | 50% |
| Goldman Sachs | — | — | $38B | — | — |
| Morgan Stanley | — | — | — | $5T | — |
| Citi GPS | — | — | — | $7T | — |
| Bank of America | — | $17K BOM | — | — | — |
| Research Firms | |||||
| ResearchAndMarkets | — | — | $243.4B | — | 49.2% |
| Future Market Insights | — | — | $181.9B | — | 37% |
| Roots Analysis | — | — | $104B | — | 47% |
| Yole Group | — | — | $51B | — | 55% |
| ABI Research | — | $6.5B | — | — | 138% |
| Grand View Research | $1.81B | $4.04B | — | — | 17.5% |
| Mordor Intelligence | — | — | — | — | 35.3% |
| BCC Research | — | $11B | — | — | 42.8% |
| Technavio | — | — | — | — | 48.9% |
| Counterpoint Research | 16K units | — | — | — | 69.7% |
Updated at 2026-05-05
Unit Shipment Projections
How many humanoid robots analysts expect to ship per year, plotted on a log scale (each gridline is 10x the last, so massive ranges fit on one chart). Forecasts vary 10x. Goldman Sachs sees 1.4M units by 2035 vs Morgan Stanley's 13M.
Updated at 2026-05-05