EV Brand Ownership Map
Stand-alone companies, multi-brand parent groups, and joint ventures across the global auto industry. Toggle between EV-shipping brands only and the full corporate portfolio.
EV onlyAll car companies
Stand-alone
Tesla
TSLA
Lucid
LCID
Rivian
RIVN
Leapmotor
9863.HK
Xiaomi
XIACY
Li Auto
LI
Ownership
Ford
F
Ford / Model e
GM
Chevrolet / GMCCadillacBuick
BYD
BYDDY
Dynasty / OceanDenzaYangwangFang Cheng Bao
Geely Holding
GELYF
Geely Auto / GalaxyZeekrLynk & CoVolvo CarsPolestarLotus
SAIC Motor
SAIC
MGRoeweIM MotorsRISING Auto
XPeng
XPEV
XPengMONA
Chery
private
Chery / JetourOmoda / JaecooExeed
NIO
NIO (premium)ONVOFirefly
Changan
000625.SZ
Changan / NevoDeepalAvatr (JV)
GAC Group
GAC Aion (601238.SS)Hyper
VW Group
VWAGY
VolkswagenAudiPorscheΕ kodaSEAT / CUPRA
Hyundai Motor Group
HYMTF
HyundaiKiaGenesis
BMW Group
BMW.DE
BMW + i-seriesMINIRolls-Royce
Stellantis
STLA
Fiat / AbarthPeugeot / CitroΓ«n / DSJeepDodge / RamMaserati / Alfa Romeo / LanciaOpel / Vauxhall
Mercedes-Benz Group
MBGAF
Mercedes-Benz / AMGMaybach
Toyota
TM
Toyota / bZLexus
Renault Group
RNLSY
RenaultDaciaAlpine
Nissan
NSANY
Nissan
Joint Ventures
Smart
smart Automobile Co., Ltd.: relaunched as EV-only in 2019
- Mercedes-Benz Group50%
- Geely Holding50%
Avatr
Premium smart-EV brand; restructured as 3-way JV in 2022
- Changan~36%
CATL~18%- Huaweitech partner
Afeela
Sony Honda Mobility: first deliveries CY2026
- Sony Group50%
Honda50%
Wuling Β· Baojun
SAIC-GM-Wuling: high-volume Chinese mass-market EVs
- SAIC50.1%
- GM44%
- Liuzhou Wuling5.9%
Note on Denza: was a 50/50 BYD / Daimler JV from 2010β2022. Daimler fully exited; Denza is now 100% BYD and appears as a sub-brand under BYD in the Ownership section.
Updated at 2026-06-11
Global EV Sales by Region
Annual electric car sales by region. Counts BEVs (pure battery electrics, no gas engine) plus PHEVs (plug-in hybrids: battery + small gas engine for backup). Excludes regular hybrids that can't plug in.
Updated at 2026-05-29
Global EV Market Penetration
EV penetration = electric cars as a percentage of all new cars sold. Combines BEVs (pure battery) and PHEVs (plug-in hybrids). Tracks how fast the world is switching off gasoline, 2015β2025.
Updated at 2026-02-16
Top 10 EV OEM Groups by Annual BEV Sales
BEV = Battery Electric Vehicle (pure electric, no gas engine). OEM = Original Equipment Manufacturer: the parent automaker (Tesla, BYD, Volkswagen Group, etc.). Annual pure-EV sales by parent group, 2018β2025.
Updated at 2026-02-17
EV Penetration Rate by Market
Percentage of new cars sold in each country that are electric, 2015β2024. Includes BEVs (pure battery) and PHEVs (plug-in hybrids). Norway is the global leader; the U.S. trails most peers.
Updated at 2026-02-17
EV Pure-Play Liquidity and Runway
Quarterly liquidity (cash plus short-term investments) for the five EV pure-plays, 2023-Q1 to 2025-Q4, in USD billions, with latest-quarter burn status.
Latest quarter (2025-Q4) status:
Lucid Β· $1.63B liquidity Β· ~$4.6B total liquidity (~$5.5B with the upsized, undrawn PIF credit facility); funds operations into H1 2027.
Rivian Β· $6.08B liquidity Β· TTM burn near zero. VW $5.8B JV capital and Amazon EDV working capital stabilized cash position in FY2025.
NIO Β· $6.28B liquidity Β· FMP OCF data incomplete for FY2025. Latest disclosed annual operating cash flow remained negative; BaaS receivables understate effective liquidity.
XPeng Β· $5.33B liquidity Β· FMP OCF data incomplete for FY2025. Latest known cash flow direction (FY2024) was modestly negative.
Li Auto Β· $13.88B liquidity Β· Profitable since 2023 on net income; quarterly OCF volatile from working-capital timing. Largest liquidity buffer in the cohort.
Updated at 2026-05-29
OEM Electrification Mix (FY2025)
FY2025 powertrain mix per automaker (BEV, PHEV/EREV, HEV, ICE+other), each bar summing to 100% of production, sorted by combined NEV (BEV+PHEV) share.
View:
OEM
Powertrain mix (% of FY2025 production)
Total units
Tesla
100.0% BEV
1.64M
XPeng
100.0% BEV
429K
Xiaomi
100.0% BEV
412K
NIO
100.0% BEV
326K
Rivian
100.0% BEV
42K
Lucid
100.0% BEV
16K
Leapmotorest
60.0% BEV+ 40.0% PHEV
536K
BYD
49.1% BEV+ 50.8% PHEV
4.60M
SAICest
24.1% BEV+ 27.6% PHEV
2.90M
Geelyest
23.8% BEV+ 32.1% PHEV
3.02M
BMW Group
17.4% BEV+ 8.1% PHEV
2.46M
Li Auto
17.2% BEV+ 82.8% PHEV
406K
Changanest
13.7% BEV+ 17.2% PHEV
2.91M
Volkswagen Group
10.9% BEV
8.98M
Renault
+ 1.5% PHEV + 8.6% HEV
2.34M
Hyundai-Kia
+ 3.3% PHEV + 10.3% HEV
7.27M
Mercedes-Benz
+ 5.6% PHEV
2.16M
Stellantis
+ 5.2% PHEV + 4.5% HEV
5.60M
GM
6.18M
Nissan
+ 9.4% HEV
3.20M
Ford
+ 1.1% PHEV + 5.4% HEV
4.65M
Toyota
+ 35.3% HEV
11.32M
BEV (pure battery)
PHEV / EREV (plug-in hybrid)
HEV (non-plug-in hybrid)
ICE + other
est= split is estimated
Updated at 2026-05-28
EV Pure-Play Quarterly Gross Margin
Quarterly group gross margin for EV pure-plays, FY2023-Q1 to FY2025-Q4. Higher is better; a negative margin means cars sell below build cost.
Updated at 2026-05-28
OEM Capex and R&D as % of Revenue (FY2024)
Capex and R&D as a share of FY2024 group revenue, per OEM, sortable by combined intensity. Percentages are group-wide, not EV-only.
OEM
% of FY2024 revenue
Revenue
Lucid
Capex
109.4%
R&D
145.5%
$0.81B
Rivian
Capex
23.0%
R&D
32.5%
$4.97B
NIO
Capex
13.9%
R&D
19.8%
$9.00B
BYD
Capex
12.6%
R&D
6.9%
$106B
GAC Aion
Capex
10.1%
R&D
7.5%
$14.8B
Nissan
Capex
15.1%
R&D
1.4%
$81.0B
Tesla
Capex
11.6%
R&D
4.7%
$97.7B
XPeng
Capexn/a
R&D
15.8%
$5.60B
Leapmotor
Capex
6.5%
R&D
9.0%
$2.20B
BMW Group
Capex
8.6%
R&D
5.5%
$154B
GM*
Capex
13.9%
R&Dn/a
$187B
Li Auto
Capex
5.4%
R&D
7.7%
$19.5B
Volkswagen Group
Capex
8.4%
R&D
4.3%
$351B
Geely
Capex
6.6%
R&D
4.3%
$32.9B
Stellantis
Capex
7.0%
R&D
3.7%
$169B
Xiaomi
Capex
3.3%
R&D
6.6%
$50.1B
Mercedes-Benz
Capex
6.0%
R&D
3.8%
$157B
Renault
Capex
5.4%
R&D
4.0%
$60.7B
Changan
Capex
3.0%
R&D
4.1%
$21.9B
Hyundai-Kia
Capex
5.7%
R&D
1.4%
$126B
SAIC
Capex
3.3%
R&D
2.8%
$86.0B
Toyota*
Capex
6.1%
R&Dn/a
$299B
Ford*
Capex
4.7%
R&Dn/a
$185B
Capex % of revenue
R&D % of revenue
*= R&D not separately disclosed by FMP (Ford, GM, Toyota)
red= percentage exceeds 35% chart scale
Updated at 2026-05-28
OEM Battery Capacity & Gigafactory Footprint
Per-OEM battery cell capacity (GWh/year): 2025 installed (solid) and 2030 announced target (faded), tagged by ownership type (captive, JV, supply-only). Sort and hover for facility detail.
Sort:
OEM
Capacity (GWh/year), scaled to 500Β GWh max
2025 / 2030
Ownership
BYDest
135Β GWh
500Β GWh
Captive
Tesla
100Β GWh
300Β GWh
Mixed
Stellantis
50Β GWh
250Β GWh
JV-heavy
Volkswagen Group
40Β GWh
240Β GWh
Captive
BMW Group
100Β GWh
240Β GWh
Supply-only
Toyota
45Β GWh
220Β GWh
JV-heavy
GM
80Β GWh
160Β GWh
JV-heavy
Geelyest
50Β GWh
150Β GWh
Mixed
Hyundai-Kia
60Β GWh
120Β GWh
JV-heavy
Mercedes-Benz
30Β GWh
100Β GWh
JV-heavy
Ford
45Β GWh
90Β GWh
JV-heavy
SAICest
25Β GWh
80Β GWh
Mixed
Nissan
30Β GWh
60Β GWh
JV-heavy
Renault
10Β GWh
50Β GWh
JV-heavy
Changanest
15Β GWh
50Β GWh
JV-heavy
GAC Aionest
10Β GWh
40Β GWh
Mixed
Rivian
-
35Β GWh
Supply-only
Lucid
-
10Β GWh
Supply-only
NIO
-
-
Supply-only
Li Auto
-
-
Supply-only
XPeng
-
-
Supply-only
Xiaomi
-
-
Supply-only
Leapmotorest
-
-
Supply-only
Captive
JV-heavy
Mixed
Supply-only
solid = 2025 installed
faded = 2030 announced target
est= numbers indicative (cross-source variance)
Updated at 2026-05-29