Industrial Automation
Industrial Automation Discrete & Process
The Two Automation Economies
Discrete automation controls machines that make countable things; process automation controls continuous flows. They share the word automation and little else.
| Discrete automation | Process automation | |
|---|---|---|
| What it controls | Machines that make countable things: cars, phones, packages, batteries | Continuous flows: refineries, chemical plants, pharma, pulp, water |
| Core products | PLCs, servo drives and motors, sensors, safety systems, industrial robots, CNC | Distributed control systems (DCS), field instruments, control valves, analyzers |
| Cycle character | Short-cycle: orders swing with auto, electronics, and machinery capex, often within quarters | Long-cycle: multi-year capital projects and decades-long installed bases; backlog-driven |
| Demand drivers now | EV and electronics retooling, reshored plant fit-outs, labor substitution | Energy and chemicals capex, LNG, pharma capacity, plant modernization and OT cybersecurity |
| Roster leaders | Siemens, Rockwell, Mitsubishi Electric, Omron, Fanuc, Yaskawa, Keyence, Inovance | Emerson, ABB, Honeywell, Yokogawa, Schneider |
| Revenue model | Product sales through distribution; margin from volume, mix, and software attach | Projects plus services: the installed base annuitizes into spares, upgrades, and maintenance |
| Where it cracked last | 2024-25 order downturn as electronics and EV capex paused | 2015-16 and 2020 energy capex collapses; steadier through the recent discrete downturn |
Discrete vs Process Vendor Growth
Average year over year revenue growth for a discrete cohort versus a process cohort since 2019. The cycles genuinely diverge: discrete boomed in 2021-22 and corrected in 2024-25 while process stayed steadier.
Automation Pure-Play Revenue
Trailing twelve month revenue for the automation specialists on this page, colored by focus. Diversified giants (Siemens, ABB, Schneider) are excluded; Siemens' Digital Industries alone out-scales every pure play here.
ProcessDiscreteVision & sensingRobots & CNCPneumaticsRobots & motion
Operating Margin Across the Roster
Trailing twelve month GAAP operating margin for all 39 companies. Keyence's roughly 50 percent frames the ceiling; sensors and software earn multiples of what heavy equipment earns.
All segmentsDiscrete AutomationProcess AutomationIndustrial RoboticsMachine Vision & SensingIndustrial SoftwareElectrificationFlow Control & ComponentsRail AutomationWarehouse AutomationInfrastructure Automation
Orders, Book-to-Bill, and Backlog
Latest disclosed book-to-bill and backlog for long-cycle electrical and automation names. Ratios stay as reported; Schneider and Rockwell do not publish a group book-to-bill.
| Company | Book-to-bill | Backlog |
|---|---|---|
| ABB Group Q4 2025 | 1.14 | $25.28B |
| ABB Electrification Q4 2025 | 1.13 | $9.44B |
| ABB Automation Q4 2025 | 1.26 | $10.13B |
| Eaton Electrical Americas Q4 2025 R12M | 1.20 | $13.2B |
| Siemens Digital Industries Q4 FY2025 | 1.10 | EUR 9.5B (Q4 slide) |
| Schneider Energy Management FY2025 | n.a. | EUR 21.34B |
| Rockwell Automation FY2025 | n.a. | $2.88B |
Fanuc Sales by Division
Product-line sales in yen for the years ended March 2025 and March 2026. Robot is the largest line and the one that grew fastest; Robomachine is the only division that declined.
Honeywell Industrial Automation Mix
Segment sales fell from 10.8 to 9.4 billion dollars over three years. Process Solutions is still two thirds of the 2025 mix, which is why Honeywell in this sector reads as a process name.
Segment sales, then the 2025 mix inside Industrial Automation
ProcessSensingDiscreteWarehouse
Relay and Industrial Control Producer Prices
The public price series closest to discrete-automation hardware. Prices have risen about 58 percent since January 2020, a smaller jump than transformers or switchgear.
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