Largest published physical qubit count for each company's latest gate-model machine, colored by modality. Neutral-atom systems now scale to the most qubits, but raw count is not comparable across modalities and says little on its own about usable computation.

Best reported two-qubit gate fidelity, the cleanest single quality metric. Trapped ions and silicon spin lead. Fault tolerance generally needs roughly 99.9 percent or better sustained across a full device.

The competing physical approaches to building a qubit, each with different economics, scaling physics, and maturity. No modality has clearly won as of mid-2026.

Where each leader stands on error-corrected logical qubits today and what it has committed to deliver. Logical qubits, not raw physical counts, are the metric that gates fault tolerance, and target years are vendor-stated and have slipped before.