Government Quantum Investment by Country
Committed or announced public funding for quantum technology by country. Figures mix multi-year and single-year commitments across currencies, so read them as directional. China's total is an estimate Western trackers cannot verify, and is flagged.
Committed or announcedEstimate (unverifiable)
National Quantum Programs
The major national strategies and their headline funding and horizons. The US National Quantum Initiative reauthorization (about $2.7B over five years) cleared the House Science Committee in April 2026.
| Country | Funding |
|---|---|
| United States | ~$3B cumulative |
| China | ~$15B (unverifiable) |
| Japan | ~$7.4B (2025 pledge) |
| United Kingdom | £2.5B |
| EU | ~€1B plus €500M |
| Germany | ~€3B |
| Australia | ~AUD 1B |
| India | ~$726M |
DARPA Quantum Benchmarking Initiative, Stage B
DARPA's effort to verify whether any approach can reach a utility-scale quantum computer by 2033. The 11 teams advanced to Stage B in November 2025 span every major modality, a credibility signal from a sophisticated government buyer.
| Company | Status |
|---|---|
| IBM | Public (IBM) |
| IonQ | Public (IONQ) |
| Quantinuum | Public (QNT) |
| Xanadu | Public (XNDU) |
| QuEra | Private |
| Atom Computing | Private |
| Nord Quantique | Private |
| Diraq | Private |
| Quantum Motion | Private |
| Silicon Quantum Computing | Private |
| Photonic Inc. | Private |
Export Controls and Geopolitics
Quantum has become a controlled strategic technology. The US and allies restrict exports of quantum computers and components, and US Entity List additions have put China's leading quantum companies effectively off-limits to US persons.
| Action | Detail | Date |
|---|---|---|
| BIS export controls | New classifications on quantum computers, components, materials, and software; License Exception IEC for about 38 allied countries | Sep 2024 |
| Allied controls | UK, Netherlands, France, and Spain adopt matching plurilateral controls | 2024 |
| China Entity List, wave 1 | First quantum entities added | Nov 2021 |
| China Entity List, wave 2 | About 22 quantum entities, including Origin Quantum and QuantumCTek | May 2024 |
| China Entity List, wave 3 | Seven cryogenics and upstream suppliers | Mar 2025 |
| International Year of Quantum | UN-proclaimed centenary of quantum mechanics | 2025 |