Quantum

Quantum Computing Policy

Government Quantum Investment by Country

Committed or announced public funding for quantum technology by country. Figures mix multi-year and single-year commitments across currencies, so read them as directional. China's total is an estimate Western trackers cannot verify, and is flagged.

Committed or announcedEstimate (unverifiable)

National Quantum Programs

The major national strategies and their headline funding and horizons. The US National Quantum Initiative reauthorization (about $2.7B over five years) cleared the House Science Committee in April 2026.

Country	Program	Funding	Horizon
United States	National Quantum Initiative (reauthorization pending)	~$3B cumulative	To 2034
China	Sci-Tech Innovation 2030, Hefei National Lab	~$15B (unverifiable)	Ongoing
Japan	National quantum strategy	~$7.4B (2025 pledge)	To 2030+
United Kingdom	National Quantum Strategy, NQCC	£2.5B	2023 to 2033
EU	Quantum Flagship, EuroHPC, Quantum Europe Strategy	~€1B plus €500M	10-year
Germany	Action Plan on Quantum Technologies	~€3B	Ongoing
Australia	PsiQuantum Brisbane and national programs	~AUD 1B	Ongoing
India	National Quantum Mission	~$726M	2023 to 2031

DARPA Quantum Benchmarking Initiative, Stage B

DARPA's effort to verify whether any approach can reach a utility-scale quantum computer by 2033. The 11 teams advanced to Stage B in November 2025 span every major modality, a credibility signal from a sophisticated government buyer.

Company	Modality	Status
IBM	Superconducting	Public (IBM)
IonQ	Trapped-ion	Public (IONQ)
Quantinuum	Trapped-ion	Public (QNT)
Xanadu	Photonic	Public (XNDU)
QuEra	Neutral-atom	Private
Atom Computing	Neutral-atom	Private
Nord Quantique	Superconducting (cat)	Private
Diraq	Silicon spin	Private
Quantum Motion	Silicon spin	Private
Silicon Quantum Computing	Silicon spin	Private
Photonic Inc.	Silicon spin / photonic	Private

Export Controls and Geopolitics

Quantum has become a controlled strategic technology. The US and allies restrict exports of quantum computers and components, and US Entity List additions have put China's leading quantum companies effectively off-limits to US persons.

Action	Detail	Date
BIS export controls	New classifications on quantum computers, components, materials, and software; License Exception IEC for about 38 allied countries	Sep 2024
Allied controls	UK, Netherlands, France, and Spain adopt matching plurilateral controls	2024
China Entity List, wave 1	First quantum entities added	Nov 2021
China Entity List, wave 2	About 22 quantum entities, including Origin Quantum and QuantumCTek	May 2024
China Entity List, wave 3	Seven cryogenics and upstream suppliers	Mar 2025
International Year of Quantum	UN-proclaimed centenary of quantum mechanics	2025

US National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Status

Two 119th-Congress bills would reauthorize the 2018 statute. Both were reported from committee in April 2026. Neither had been enacted as of August 24, 2026. The Senate text is described as about $2.7 billion over five years if enacted, an authorization, not appropriated spend.

Instrument	Chamber	Status	Funding	Horizon
National Quantum Initiative Act	Enacted law (2018)	Some R&D authorizations expired Sep 30, 2023. Broader NQI authority otherwise runs to 2029.	Original authorization about $1.2B across DOE, NSF, NIST	Signed Dec 2018
S.3597	Senate	Ordered reported with substitute, Apr 14, 2026. Awaiting floor action as of Aug 24, 2026.	About $2.7B authorized for NIST, NSF, and NASA over five years, if enacted (Senate Commerce)	Extends NQI to Dec 30, 2034
H.R.8462	House	Reported by House Science, Space, and Technology, Apr 29, 2026. Awaiting floor action as of Aug 24, 2026.	Parallel reauthorization. Text differs from the Senate bill and must be conferenced if both pass.	House text sunsets earlier (Dec 30, 2032) than the Senate bill

DOE National QIS Research Centers

Five centers renewed in 2025 for up to five years. DOE announced $625 million total, with $125 million in FY2025 dollars and outyears contingent on appropriations. Per-center splits are not published, so this is a roster, not a budget pie.

Center	Lead lab	Focus (DOE announcement)
C2QA	Brookhaven National Laboratory	Co-design Center for Quantum Advantage: materials and modular approaches for computing and sensing
Q-NEXT	Argonne National Laboratory	Algorithms and chip components to scale operations on-chip and across sites, plus next-generation sensors
QSA	Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory	Large-scale quantum computers via improved error correction on neutral-atom, ion, and superconducting platforms
QSC	Oak Ridge National Laboratory	Quantum-accelerated high-performance computing and open-source quantum-classical workflows
SQMS	Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory	Superconducting microwave cavities, refrigeration, and linking processors toward quantum data-center concepts

Proposed CHIPS Awards for Merchant Quantum Foundries

Letters of intent announced May 21, 2026, not closed awards. IBM Anderon is a proposed $1 billion CHIPS incentive plus $1 billion of IBM cash. GlobalFoundries Quantum Technology Solutions is a proposed $375 million CHIPS LOI. Subject to definitive documents.

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