Regulated Utilities
Electricity Load Growth by Utility
US Electricity Demand, 1990 to 2026
Annual US net generation in TWh: four decades of growth, a fifteen-year plateau from 2007, and the record-setting inflection now underway. 2025 and 2026 are EIA projections.
Retail Sales by Customer Class
Who is buying the new kilowatt-hours. Commercial sales, the class that includes most data-center load, caught residential in 2025: 1,493 TWh versus 1,515 TWh. 2025 is preliminary.
Five-Year Peak Demand Forecast Revisions
The same question, asked three years in a row: how much will US peak demand grow over the next five years? Grid planner forecasts compiled by Grid Strategies roughly quintupled between 2022 and 2024.
Interconnection Queues by Resource
Roughly 2.6 TW of generation and storage waited in US interconnection queues at the end of 2023, more than twice the installed US fleet. Solar and storage dominate; historically most queued capacity never gets built.
Utility-Disclosed Large-Load Pipelines
What roster utilities say is coming, in their own numbers. Definitions differ by company (signed commitments vs interconnection requests vs planning pipelines), so rows are not comparable with each other.
| Utility | Disclosed figure | What the figure counts |
|---|---|---|
| Dominion EnergyD | ~40 GW | Data-center capacity in substation planning or construction phases across its contracting pipeline (December 2024 disclosure) |
| American Electric PowerAEP | >20 GW | Signed customer commitment letters for incremental load by the end of the decade, concentrated in Ohio, Texas, and Indiana |
| PPL CorporationPPL | >10 GW | Data-center interconnection requests in advanced stages in its Pennsylvania service territory |
| Southern CompanySO | ~8 GW | Georgia Power incremental load pipeline through the mid-2030s, most of it large load, per Georgia PSC filings |
| EntergyETR | >2 GW | Meta's Richland Parish campus alone; Entergy is building roughly 2.3 GW of new gas generation approved for it in late 2025 |
| WEC Energy GroupWEC | >1.8 GW | Expected data-center demand in southeast Wisconsin anchored by Microsoft's Mount Pleasant campus |
| EvergyEVRG | >1 GW | Announced economic development load including Panasonic's De Soto plant, Google, and Meta data-center projects |
Where the New Demand Comes From
Modeled decomposition of incremental US consumption by 2028: data centers dominate the near-term wedge, with manufacturing reshoring and the electrification of transport and buildings as the slower second leg.
Commercial Sales Growth in Data-Center States
Delivered commercial kilowatt-hours, 2023 versus 2024. Nevada, Arizona, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Georgia, and Virginia posted the largest jumps among major roster states. Texas commercial was flat; the Texas increase landed in industrial.
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