Charging
EV Charging Technology
Connector Standard Adoption by Region
Share of new DCFC (DC Fast Charging) installations by plug standard. NACS = North American Charging Standard (Tesla's connector, now the US default after Tesla opened it in 2023); CCS = Combined Charging System (the older standard, still dominant in Europe).
DC Fast Charging Speed Comparison
Max and typical charging power (kW = kilowatts; higher = faster) by network, plus modeled time to 80% on a 75 kWh battery. Real charging tapers as the battery fills, so "max power" is only sustained for the first 20–50% of a session.
| Network | Max kW | Typical kW | Time to 80% | Architecture | Liquid Cooled |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Huawei FusionCharge | 600 | 480 | 10 min | 800V | ✓ |
 Li Auto 5C | 520 | 400 | 12 min | 800V | ✓ |
 Tesla Supercharger V4 | 500 | 200 | 25 min | 400V/800V | ✓ |
 XPeng S4 | 480 | 360 | 15 min | 800V | ✓ |
 Fastned | 400 | 200 | 25 min | 400V/800V | ✓ |
 ChargePoint Express | 400 | 200 | 25 min | 400V/800V | ✓ |
 ABB Terra 360 | 360 | 180 | 27 min | 400V/800V | ✓ |
 IONITY HPC | 350 | 280 | 18 min | 800V | ✓ |
 Electrify America | 350 | 150 | 30 min | 400V/800V | ✓ |
 EVgo eXtend | 350 | 150 | 30 min | 400V/800V | ✓ |
Battery Swap Station Deployment
Cumulative battery swap stations: facilities where a depleted pack is physically swapped for a charged one in ~3 minutes (vs charging in place). NIO runs swap-only for its own cars; CATL's EVOGO is brand-agnostic and growing fastest.
Public Charging Points by Speed, China and US
IEA year-end 2025 split of public points into slow (22 kW and below) and fast plus ultra-fast. China added fast and ultra-fast points faster than slow points; the US still has more than twice as many slow ports as DC fast ports.
EU27 Public Points, AC vs DC
EAFO April 2026 census of publicly accessible EU27 recharging points: 81 percent AC and 19 percent DC. Europe's public stock is still a destination-AC network with a growing highway DC overlay.
China Public Average Power per Gun
National Energy Administration rated public charging power divided by public gun count. Average power rose from 46.5 kW at end-2025 to 50.0 kW in July 2026 as DC guns gained mix.
China Public Guns by Current Type, 2024
EVCIPA year-end 2024 public stock: 1.643 million DC guns and 1.936 million AC guns. DC was 46 percent of public guns. A matching 2025 split was not in the cited year-end release.
BEV Models vs Ultra-Fast Charging Capability
IEA: about 670 battery-electric car models were on sale in 2025. Roughly 160 can charge above 150 kW, and about 50 above 250 kW. Ultra-fast hardware on the ground outruns the share of vehicles that can use it.
Which carmakers adopted Tesla's charging plug
Public OEM announcements adopting Tesla's North American Charging Standard, later published as SAE J3400. Dates are announcement dates, not the model year native NACS inlets reached showrooms.
| Date | Party | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 2022-11-11 | Tesla | Opens NACS connector and inlet design to other automakers and charging networks. |
| 2023-05-25 | Ford | First legacy OEM to adopt NACS; Ford EVs to gain Supercharger access via adapter then native ports. |
| 2023-06-08 | General Motors | GM adopts NACS for next-generation vehicles and Supercharger access. |
| 2023-06 | Rivian, Volvo, Polestar, Nissan | Further OEM announcements follow within weeks of GM. |
| 2023-07 | Mercedes-Benz | Mercedes adopts NACS for North America. |
| 2023-10 | Hyundai, Kia, Genesis, Toyota, BMW, Honda | Additional volume OEMs announce NACS for North American products. |
| 2023-12 | SAE International | Publishes SAE J3400, the standardized NACS connector. |
| 2024-2025 | Networks | ChargePoint, EVgo, Electrify America and others begin adding NACS cables alongside CCS1. |
EU AFIR Charging Coverage Requirements
Binding TEN-T coverage and power targets in Regulation (EU) 2023/1804. Light-duty pools on the core network were due by end-2025; heavy-duty power steps continue through 2030.
| Deadline | Network | Requirement |
|---|---|---|
| 31 Dec 2025 | TEN-T core, light-duty | Charging pool at least every 60 km in each direction; pool power at least 400 kW; at least one point at 150 kW. |
| 31 Dec 2027 | TEN-T comprehensive, light-duty | Same 60 km / 400 kW / 150 kW rule extended off the core network. |
| 31 Dec 2025 | TEN-T core, heavy-duty | Charging pool at least every 60 km; pool power at least 1,400 kW; at least one point at 350 kW. |
| 31 Dec 2027 | TEN-T core, heavy-duty | Pool power at least 2,800 kW; at least two points at 350 kW. |
| 31 Dec 2030 | TEN-T comprehensive, heavy-duty | Pools every 100 km; pool power at least 1,500 kW; at least one point at 350 kW. |
| Ongoing | Fleet power capacity | Member states must also deliver a national fleet-based power target (kW of public capacity per registered BEV and PHEV). |
Prefer Sterling in Google
Add sterlingcharts.com as a preferred source so our charts can appear with a preferred badge in Google Top Stories, AI Mode, and AI Overviews.